Design Models

Three models illustrate the Experiential Learning literature. Each model emphasizes different elements, actors, or linkages to create deeper learning and skill transmission through the reflection process.

Kolb's Learning Cycle
The Kolb (1984) learning cycle model emphasizes the learning process rather than learning outcomes and was the first to be labeled “Experiential Learning.”

DEAL: Describe, Examine, and Articulate Learning
Building on Kolb, Ash & Clayton’s (2009) D.E.A.L. model uses an EL activities’ learning goals and objectives to design integrated critical reflection and assessment.

Co-Constructed Developmental Teaching Theory
Schenck & Cruickshank (2015) incorporate cognitive neuroscience to create a self-adjusted model of teaching in an experiential learning environment.